基于RHEL 6.5安装Oracle 11g详细教程（4）——安装Oracle前的准备
4 安装Oracle前的准备
4.1 基本配置
4.1.1 关闭防火墙
[root@oracle ~]# service iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
关闭iptables开机自启动功能
[root@oracle ~]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@oracle ~]# setup
1）如下图所示，选择Firewall configuration，敲击回车键。
2）如下图所示，取消选中Enabled，选择OK，敲击回车键。
3）如下图所示，选择Yes，敲击回车键。
4）如下图所示，选择Quit，敲击回车键。
[root@oracle ~]# service iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
4.1.2 关闭selinux
修改/etc/selinux/config文件如下内容：
将SELINUX=enforcing更改成SELINUX=disabled。
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@oracle ~]# setenforce 0
[root@oracle ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@oracle ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus -v
SELinux status: enabled
SELinuxfs mount: /selinux
Current mode: permissive
Mode from config file: disabled
Policy version: 24
Policy from config file: targeted
Process contexts:
Current context: unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
Init context: system_u:system_r:init_t:s0
/sbin/mingetty system_u:system_r:getty_t:s0
/usr/sbin/sshd system_u:system_r:sshd_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
File contexts:
Controlling term: unconfined_u:object_r:user_devpts_t:s0
/etc/passwd system_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
/etc/shadow system_u:object_r:shadow_t:s0
/bin/bash system_u:object_r:shell_exec_t:s0
/bin/login system_u:object_r:login_exec_t:s0
/bin/sh system_u:object_r:bin_t:s0 -> system_u:object_r:shell_exec_t:s0
/sbin/agetty system_u:object_r:getty_exec_t:s0
/sbin/init system_u:object_r:init_exec_t:s0
/sbin/mingetty system_u:object_r:getty_exec_t:s0
/usr/sbin/sshd system_u:object_r:sshd_exec_t:s0
[root@oracle ~]# reboot
Broadcast message from root@oracle.kely.com
(/dev/pts/0) at 20:30 ...
The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@oracle ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@oracle ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus -v
SELinux status: disabled
4.1.3 配置hosts文件
在/etc/hosts文件的最后一行添加如下内容：
192.168.0.18 oracle oracle.kely.com
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.0.18 oracle oracle.kely.com
[root@oracle ~]# ping oracle
PING oracle (192.168.0.18) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from oracle (192.168.0.18): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.035 ms
64 bytes from oracle (192.168.0.18): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.020 ms
^C
--- oracle ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4587ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.020/0.034/0.039/0.008 ms
[root@oracle ~]# ping oracle.kely.com
PING oracle (192.168.0.18) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from oracle (192.168.0.18): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.011 ms
64 bytes from oracle (192.168.0.18): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.017 ms
^C
--- oracle ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1428ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.011/0.014/0.017/0.003 ms
4.2 创建Oracle用户群组
[root@oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@oracle ~]# groupadd dba
[root@oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
将oracle用户的密码更改为1qaz@WSX。
[root@oracle ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@oracle ~]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba)
4.3 创建Logic Volume
1）如下图所示，依次选择虚拟机 -- 编辑设置。
2）如下图所示，单击添加。
3）如下图所示，选择硬盘，单击下一步。
4）如下图所示，缺省选择，单击下一步。
5）如下图所示，修改容量（50G），磁盘置备（Thin Provision），单击下一步。
6）如下图所示，缺省选择，单击下一步。
7）如下图所示，单击完成。
8）如下图所示，可以看到新添加的硬盘，单击确定。
9）如下图所示，在硬件设备中出现了硬盘2，说明新建的硬盘已经生效。
查看新添加硬盘是否被系统正确加载。
[root@oracle ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 20480 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00043aa4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2 201 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 202 20480 20765696 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 14.8 GB, 14818476032 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 783 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 51200 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
将/dev/sdb创建成LVM设备。
[root@oracle ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x236668f6.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won‘t be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command ‘c‘) and change display units to
sectors (command ‘u‘).
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-51200, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-51200, default 51200):
Using default value 51200
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 51200 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x236668f6
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 51200 52428784 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
使分区表即可生效。
[root@oracle ~]# partprobe
将/dev/sdb1创建成Physical Volume。
[root@oracle ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
查看系统Volume Group信息。
[root@oracle ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 19.80 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 5069
Alloc PE / Size 5069 / 19.80 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID rHlSfU-3A4e-pO0W-winf-O7qQ-NUyZ-bQkPcZ
将/dev/sdb1添加到VolGroup中。
[root@oracle ~]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/sdb1
Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended
[root@oracle ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 69.80 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 17868
Alloc PE / Size 5069 / 19.80 GiB
Free PE / Size 12799 / 50.00 GiB
VG UUID rHlSfU-3A4e-pO0W-winf-O7qQ-NUyZ-bQkPcZ
创建大小为20G的lv_u01，并归属于VolGroup。
[root@oracle ~]# lvcreate -L 20G -n lv_u01 VolGroup
Logical volume "lv_u01" created
将lv_u01格式化为ext4文件系统。
[root@oracle ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/VolGroup/lv_u01
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242880 blocks
262144 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /u01
[root@oracle ~]# mount /dev/VolGroup/lv_u01 /u01/
[root@oracle ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 14G 3.0G 10G 24% /
tmpfs 2.0G 72K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 35M 150M 19% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_u01 20G 172M 19G 1% /u01
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 14 08:05:01 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=a62aef67-7dbb-4d8b-9d9a-9e035806fe05 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_u01 /u01 ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@oracle ~]# lvcreate -L 15G -n lv_temp VolGroup
Logical volume "lv_temp" created
[root@oracle ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/VolGroup/lv_temp
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe blocks
983040 inodes, 3932160 blocks
196608 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4026531840
120 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /temp
[root@oracle ~]# mount /dev/VolGroup/lv_temp /temp/
[root@oracle ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 14G 3.0G 10G 24% /
tmpfs 2.0G 72K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 35M 150M 19% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_u01 20G 172M 19G 1% /u01
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_temp 15G 166M 14G 2% /temp
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 14 08:05:01 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=a62aef67-7dbb-4d8b-9d9a-9e035806fe05 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_u01 /u01 ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_temp /temp ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/
[root@oracle ~]# ls -l / | grep u01
drwxrwxr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 May 14 22:19 u01
[root@oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /temp/
[root@oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /temp/
[root@oracle ~]# ls -l / | grep temp
drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 May 14 21:35 temp
4.4 安装必须的RPM包
备注：
The following or later version of packages for Oracle Linux 6, and Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6 must be installed:
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
pdksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64
On Oracle Linux 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6:
unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6 (x86_64)or later
unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6.i686or later
unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6 (x86_64)or later
unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6.i686or later
4.4.1 配置本地YUM源
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /temp/yum
[root@oracle ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@oracle ~]# ls /mnt/
EFI Packages RELEASE-NOTES-pa-IN.html
EULA README RELEASE-NOTES-pt-BR.html
EULA_de RELEASE-NOTES-as-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-ru-RU.html
EULA_en RELEASE-NOTES-bn-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-si-LK.html
EULA_es RELEASE-NOTES-de-DE.html RELEASE-NOTES-ta-IN.html
EULA_fr RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RELEASE-NOTES-te-IN.html
EULA_it RELEASE-NOTES-es-ES.html RELEASE-NOTES-zh-CN.html
EULA_ja RELEASE-NOTES-fr-FR.html RELEASE-NOTES-zh-TW.html
EULA_ko RELEASE-NOTES-gu-IN.html repodata
EULA_pt RELEASE-NOTES-hi-IN.html ResilientStorage
EULA_zh RELEASE-NOTES-it-IT.html RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
GPL RELEASE-NOTES-ja-JP.html RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
HighAvailability RELEASE-NOTES-kn-IN.html ScalableFileSystem
images RELEASE-NOTES-ko-KR.html Server
isolinux RELEASE-NOTES-ml-IN.html TRANS.TBL
LoadBalancer RELEASE-NOTES-mr-IN.html
media.repo RELEASE-NOTES-or-IN.html
[root@oracle ~]# cp -rfv /mnt/* /temp/yum/
[root@oracle ~]# ls /temp/yum/
EFI Packages RELEASE-NOTES-pa-IN.html
EULA README RELEASE-NOTES-pt-BR.html
EULA_de RELEASE-NOTES-as-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-ru-RU.html
EULA_en RELEASE-NOTES-bn-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-si-LK.html
EULA_es RELEASE-NOTES-de-DE.html RELEASE-NOTES-ta-IN.html
EULA_fr RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RELEASE-NOTES-te-IN.html
EULA_it RELEASE-NOTES-es-ES.html RELEASE-NOTES-zh-CN.html
EULA_ja RELEASE-NOTES-fr-FR.html RELEASE-NOTES-zh-TW.html
EULA_ko RELEASE-NOTES-gu-IN.html repodata
EULA_pt RELEASE-NOTES-hi-IN.html ResilientStorage
EULA_zh RELEASE-NOTES-it-IT.html RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
GPL RELEASE-NOTES-ja-JP.html RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
HighAvailability RELEASE-NOTES-kn-IN.html ScalableFileSystem
images RELEASE-NOTES-ko-KR.html Server
isolinux RELEASE-NOTES-ml-IN.html TRANS.TBL
LoadBalancer RELEASE-NOTES-mr-IN.html
media.repo RELEASE-NOTES-or-IN.html
[root@oracle ~]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/local-source.repo
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local-source.repo
[local-source]
name=Local-Source
baseurl=file:///temp/yum/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[root@oracle ~]# yum list
[root@oracle ~]# umount /dev/cdrom
[root@oracle ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 14G 3.1G 9.9G 24% /
tmpfs 2.0G 80K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 35M 150M 19% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_u01 20G 172M 19G 1% /u01
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_temp 15G 3.8G 11G 27% /temp
/dev/sr0 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /media/RHEL_6.5 x86_64 Disc 1
[root@oracle ~]# umount /dev/sr0
4.4.2 检查并安装RPM包
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep binutils
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep compat-libcap1
[root@oracle ~]# yum install compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 -y
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep compat-libstdc++
[root@oracle ~]# yum install compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686 -y
[root@oracle ~]# yum install compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 -y
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep gcc
libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
[root@oracle ~]# yum install gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 -y
[root@oracle ~]# yum install gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 -y
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep glibc
glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.i686
[root@oracle ~]# yum install glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 -y
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep ksh
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep libgcc
libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.i686
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep libstdc++
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686
libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
[root@oracle ~]# yum install libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.i686 -y
[root@oracle ~]# yum install libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.i686 -y
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep libaio
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
[root@oracle ~]# yum install libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686 -y
[root@oracle ~]# yum install libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686 -y
[root@oracle ~]# yum install libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 -y
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep make
make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep sysstat
sysstat-9.0.4-22.el6.x86_64
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep unixODBC
[root@oracle ~]# yum install unixODBC-2.2.14-12.el6_3.i686 -y
[root@oracle ~]# yum install unixODBC-2.2.14-12.el6_3.x86_64 -y
[root@oracle ~]# yum install unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-12.el6_3.i686 -y
[root@oracle ~]# yum install unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-12.el6_3.x86_64 -y
[root@oracle ~]# rpm -qa | grep pdksh
[root@oracle ~]# cd /temp/
[root@oracle temp]# ls
lost+found pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm yum
[root@oracle temp]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
warning: pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e8562897: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:pdksh ########################################### [100%]
4.5 配置内核参数
备注：
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@oracle ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep mem
vm.overcommit_memory = 0
vm.nr_hugepages_mempolicy = 0
vm.lowmem_reserve_ratio = 256 256 32
vm.memory_failure_early_kill = 0
vm.memory_failure_recovery = 1
net.core.wmem_max = 124928
net.core.rmem_max = 124928
net.core.wmem_default = 124928
net.core.rmem_default = 124928
net.core.optmem_max = 20480
net.ipv4.igmp_max_memberships = 20
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 378336 504448 756672
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.udp_mem = 378336 504448 756672
net.ipv4.udp_rmem_min = 4096
net.ipv4.udp_wmem_min = 4096
[root@oracle ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
kernel.sem = 250 32000 32 128
[root@oracle ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shm_rmid_forced = 0
vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 0
[root@oracle ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
fs.file-max = 400512
[root@oracle ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 61000
[root@oracle ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default
net.core.rmem_default = 124928
[root@oracle ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max
net.core.rmem_max = 124928
[root@oracle ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default
net.core.wmem_default = 124928
[root@oracle ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max
net.core.wmem_max = 124928
在/etc/sysctl.conf文件的最后添加如下内容：
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@oracle ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables" is an unknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables" is an unknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables" is an unknown key
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
4.6 配置oracle用户
备注：
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 4096
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
在/etc/security/limits.conf文件最后添加如下内容：
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 4096
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 4096
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
在/etc/pam.d/login文件最后添加如下内容：
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
在/etc/profile文件最后添加如下内容：
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/profile
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
[root@oracle ~]# source /etc/profile
在/home/oracle/.bash_profile文件最后添加如下内容：
#Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle.kely.com; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
[root@oracle ~]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle.kely.com; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
[root@oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
[root@oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle ~]$ env | grep ORA
ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
ORACLE_SID=orcl
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle.kely.com
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1