mysql中 case when的使用
SELECT a.hsid, a.house_code, a.sale_date, a.pjid, COUNT( sdid ) AS num,
b.hsid, b.pscid, b.hscode, b.hsarea1, b.hsrealarea1, b.hsusage, b.hsprice,
b.hsstatus,
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THEN b.hsrealarea1
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LEFT JOIN `lphouse` AS b ON b.hsid = a.hsid
LEFT
JOIN `lplicence` AS c ON c.pscid = b.pscid
WHERE b.hsstatus =2
AND
a.sale_date >= ‘1400428800‘
AND a.sale_date <= ‘1400428800‘
GROUP BY
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30
mysql数据库中CASE WHEN语句。
case when语句，用于计算条件列表并返回多个可能结果表达式之一。
CASE 具有两种格式：
简单 CASE 函数将某个表达式与一组简单表达式进行比较以确定结果。
CASE 搜索函数计算一组布尔表达式以确定结果。
两种格式都支持可选的 ELSE 参数。
语法
简单 CASE 函数：
CASE input_expression
WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression
[ ...n ]
[
ELSE else_result_expression
END
CASE 搜索函数：
CASE
WHEN Boolean_expression THEN result_expression
[ ...n ]
[
ELSE else_result_expression
END
参数
input_expression
是使用简单 CASE 格式时所计算的表达式。Input_expression 是任何有效的 Microsoft? SQL Server? 表达式。
WHEN when_expression
使用简单 CASE 格式时 input_expression 所比较的简单表达式。When_expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server 表达式。Input_expression 和每个 when_expression 的数据类型必须相同，或者是隐性转换。
占位符，表明可以使用多个 WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression 子句或 WHEN Boolean_expression THEN result_expression 子句。
THEN result_expression
当 input_expression = when_expression 取值为 TRUE，或者 Boolean_expression 取值为 TRUE
时返回的表达式。
result expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server 表达式。
ELSE else_result_expression
当比较运算取值不为 TRUE 时返回的表达式。如果省略此参数并且比较运算取值不为 TRUE，CASE 将返回 NULL 值。Else_result_expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server 表达式。Else_result_expression 和所有 result_expression 的数据类型必须相同，或者必须是隐性转换。
WHEN Boolean_expression
使用 CASE 搜索格式时所计算的布尔表达式。Boolean_expression 是任意有效的布尔表达式。
结果类型
从 result_expressions 和可选 else_result_expression 的类型集合中返回最高的优先规则类型。有关更多信息，请参见数据类型的优先顺序。
结果值
简单 CASE 函数：
计算 input_expression，然后按指定顺序对每个 WHEN 子句的 input_expression =
when_expression 进行计算。
返回第一个取值为 TRUE 的 (input_expression = when_expression) 的 result_expression。
如果没有取值为 TRUE 的 input_expression = when_expression，则当指定 ELSE 子句时 SQL Server
将返回 else_result_expression；若没有指定 ELSE 子句，则返回 NULL 值。
CASE
搜索函数：
按指定顺序为每个 WHEN 子句的 Boolean_expression 求值。
返回第一个取值为 TRUE 的 Boolean_expression 的 result_expression。
如果没有取值为 TRUE 的 Boolean_expression，则当指定 ELSE 子句时 SQL Server 将返回 else_result_expression；若没有指定 ELSE 子句，则返回 NULL 值。
下面分享一些mysql case when语句的例子。
A. 使用带有简单 CASE 函数的 SELECT 语句
在 SELECT 语句中，简单 CASE 函数仅检查是否相等，而不进行其它比较。
例子，使用 CASE 函数更改图书分类显示。
USE pubs
GO
SELECT Category =
CASE type
WHEN ‘popular_comp‘ THEN ‘Popular Computing‘
WHEN ‘mod_cook‘ THEN ‘Modern Cooking‘
WHEN ‘business‘ THEN ‘Business‘
WHEN ‘psychology‘ THEN ‘Psychology‘
WHEN ‘trad_cook‘ THEN ‘Traditional Cooking‘
ELSE ‘Not yet categorized‘
END,
CAST(title AS varchar(25)) AS ‘Shortened Title‘,
price AS Price
FROM titles
WHERE price IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY type, price
COMPUTE AVG(price) BY type
GO
注释，后来我试了一下不让用category=。
我使用的代码为：
SELECT
case gender
WHEN 1 THEN ‘NAN‘
WHEN 0 THEN ‘NV‘
end as gender
FROM
t_swidy_day_nutrient
结果集：
Category
Shortened
Title
Price
-------------------
-------------------------
--------------------------
Business
You Can Combat Computer S
2.99
Business
Cooking with Computers: S
11.95
Business
The Busy Executive‘s Data
19.99
Business
Straight Talk About Compu
19.99
avg
==========================
13.73
Category
Shortened
Title
Price
-------------------
------------------------- --------------------------
Modern
Cooking The Gourmet
Microwave
2.99
Modern
Cooking Silicon Valley
Gastronomi
19.99
avg
==========================
11.49
Category
Shortened
Title
Price
-------------------
------------------------- --------------------------
Popular
Computing Secrets of Silicon Valley
20.00
Popular
Computing But Is It User Friendly?
22.95
avg
==========================
21.48
Category
Shortened
Title
Price
-------------------
-------------------------
--------------------------
Psychology
Life Without
Fear
7.00
Psychology
Emotional Security: A New
7.99
Psychology
Is Anger the Enemy?
10.95
Psychology
Prolonged Data Deprivatio
19.99
Psychology
Computer Phobic AND Non-P
21.59
avg
==========================
13.50
Category
Shortened
Title
Price
-------------------
------------------------- --------------------------
Traditional
Cooking Fifty Years in Buckingham
11.95
Traditional
Cooking Sushi,
Anyone?
14.99
Traditional
Cooking Onions, Leeks, and Garlic
20.95
avg
==========================
15.96
(21 row(s) affected)
B. 使用带有简单 CASE 函数和 CASE 搜索函数的
SELECT 语句
在 SELECT 语句中，CASE 搜索函数允许根据比较值在结果集内对值进行替换。
例子：根据图书的价格范围将价格（money 列）显示为文本注释。
USE pubs
GO
SELECT ‘Price Category‘ =
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ‘Not yet priced‘
WHEN price < 10 THEN ‘Very Reasonable Title‘
WHEN price >= 10 and price < 20 THEN ‘Coffee Table Title‘
ELSE ‘Expensive book!‘
END,
CAST(title AS varchar(20)) AS ‘Shortened Title‘
FROM titles
ORDER BY price
GO
结果集：
Price Category
Shortened
Title
---------------------
--------------------
Not yet
priced Net
Etiquette
Not
yet priced The
Psychology of Co
Very Reasonable Title The Gourmet
Microwav
Very Reasonable Title You Can Combat Compu
Very
Reasonable Title Life Without
Fear
Very Reasonable Title
Emotional Security:
Coffee Table
Title Is Anger the
Enemy?
Coffee Table Title
Cooking with Compute
Coffee Table
Title Fifty Years in Bucki
Coffee
Table Title Sushi,
Anyone?
Coffee
Table Title Prolonged Data
Depri
Coffee Table Title Silicon
Valley Gastr
Coffee Table Title
Straight Talk About
Coffee Table
Title The Busy
Executive‘s
Expensive
book! Secrets of Silicon
V
Expensive book!
Onions, Leeks, and G
Expensive
book! Computer Phobic
And
Expensive
book! But Is It User
Frien
(18 row(s) affected)
C. 使用带有 SUBSTRING 和 SELECT 的 CASE 函数
例子，使用 CASE 和 THEN 生成一个有关作者、图书标识号和每个作者所著图书类型的列表。
USE pubs
SELECT SUBSTRING((RTRIM(a.au_fname) + ‘ ‘+
RTRIM(a.au_lname) + ‘ ‘), 1, 25) AS Name, a.au_id, ta.title_id,
Type =
CASE
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = ‘BU‘ THEN ‘Business‘
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = ‘MC‘ THEN ‘Modern Cooking‘
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = ‘PC‘ THEN ‘Popular Computing‘
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = ‘PS‘ THEN ‘Psychology‘
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = ‘TC‘ THEN ‘Traditional Cooking‘
END
FROM titleauthor ta JOIN authors a ON ta.au_id = a.au_id
结果集：
Name
au_id title_id
Type
-------------------------
----------- -------- -------------------
Johnson
White
172-32-1176 PS3333
Psychology
Marjorie
Green
213-46-8915 BU1032
Business
Marjorie
Green
213-46-8915 BU2075
Business
Cheryl
Carson
238-95-7766 PC1035 Popular
Computing
Michael
O‘Leary
267-41-2394 BU1111
Business
Michael
O‘Leary
267-41-2394 TC7777 Traditional
Cooking
Dean
Straight
274-80-9391 BU7832
Business
Abraham
Bennet
409-56-7008 BU1032
Business
Ann
Dull
427-17-2319 PC8888 Popular
Computing
Burt
Gringlesby
472-27-2349 TC7777 Traditional
Cooking
Charlene
Locksley
486-29-1786 PC9999 Popular
Computing
Charlene
Locksley
486-29-1786 PS7777
Psychology
Reginald
Blotchet-Halls 648-92-1872
TC4203 Traditional Cooking
Akiko
Yokomoto
672-71-3249 TC7777 Traditional
Cooking
Innes del
Castillo 712-45-1867
MC2222 Modern
Cooking
Michel
DeFrance
722-51-5454 MC3021 Modern
Cooking
Stearns
MacFeather
724-80-9391 BU1111
Business
Stearns
MacFeather
724-80-9391 PS1372
Psychology
Livia
Karsen
756-30-7391 PS1372
Psychology
Sylvia
Panteley
807-91-6654 TC3218 Traditional
Cooking
Sheryl
Hunter
846-92-7186 PC8888 Popular
Computing
Anne
Ringer
899-46-2035 MC3021 Modern
Cooking
Anne
Ringer
899-46-2035 PS2091
Psychology
Albert
Ringer
998-72-3567 PS2091
Psychology
Albert
Ringer
998-72-3567 PS2106 Psychology
(25
row(s) affected)
CASE 可能是 SQL
中被误用最多的关键字之一。
虽然，可能以前用过这个关键字来创建字段，但是它还具有更多用法。
例如，可以在 WHERE 子句中使用 CASE。
首先，来看下 CASE 的语法。在一般的 SELECT 中，其语法如下：
SELECT <myColumnSpec> =
CASE
WHEN <A> THEN <somethingA>
WHEN <B> THEN <somethingB>
ELSE <somethingE>
END
以上代码，需要用具体的参数代替尖括号中的内容。
例子：
USE pubs
GO
SELECT
Title,
‘Price Range‘ =
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ‘Unpriced‘
WHEN price < 10 THEN ‘Bargain‘
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ‘Average‘
ELSE ‘Gift to impress relatives‘
END
FROM titles
ORDER BY price
GO
这是 CASE 的典型用法，但是使用 CASE 其实可以做更多的事情。
比方说下面的 GROUP BY 子句中的 CASE：
SELECT ‘Number of Titles‘, Count(*)
FROM titles
GROUP BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ‘Unpriced‘
WHEN price < 10 THEN ‘Bargain‘
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ‘Average‘
ELSE ‘Gift to impress relatives‘
END
GO
甚至还可以组合这些选项，添加一个 ORDER BY 子句，例如：
USE pubs
GO
SELECT
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ‘Unpriced‘
WHEN price < 10 THEN ‘Bargain‘
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ‘Average‘
ELSE ‘Gift to impress relatives‘
END AS Range,
Title
FROM titles
GROUP BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ‘Unpriced‘
WHEN price < 10 THEN ‘Bargain‘
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ‘Average‘
ELSE ‘Gift to impress relatives‘
END,
Title
ORDER BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ‘Unpriced‘
WHEN price < 10 THEN ‘Bargain‘
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ‘Average‘
ELSE ‘Gift to impress relatives‘
END,
Title
GO
注意，为了在 GROUP BY 块中使用 CASE，查询语句需要在 GROUP BY 块中重复 SELECT 块中的 CASE 块。
除了选择自定义字段之外，在很多情况下 CASE 都非常有用。
稍加深入，还可以得到以前认为不可能得到的分组排序结果集。
使用CASE WHEN进行字符串替换处理
/*
mysql> select * from sales;
+-----+------------+--------+--------+--------+------+------------+
| num | name | winter | spring | summer | fall | category |
+-----+------------+--------+--------+--------+------+------------+
| 1 | Java | 1067 | 200 | 150 | 267 | Holiday |
| 2 | C | 970 | 770 | 531 | 486 | Profession |
| 3 | JavaScript | 53 | 13 | 21 | 856 | Literary |
| 4 | SQL | 782 | 357 | 168 | 250 | Profession |
| 5 | Oracle | 589 | 795 | 367 | 284 | Holiday |
| 6 | MySQL | 953 | 582 | 336 | 489 | Literary |
| 7 | Cplus | 752 | 657 | 259 | 478 | Literary |
| 8 | Python | 67 | 23 | 83 | 543 | Holiday |
| 9 | PHP | 673 | 48 | 625 | 52 | Profession |
+-----+------------+--------+--------+--------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT name AS Name,
-> CASE category
-> WHEN "Holiday" THEN "Seasonal"
-> WHEN "Profession" THEN "Bi_annual"
-> WHEN "Literary" THEN "Random" END AS "Pattern"
-> FROM sales;
+------------+-----------+
| Name | Pattern |
+------------+-----------+
| Java | Seasonal |
| C | Bi_annual |
| JavaScript | Random |
| SQL | Bi_annual |
| Oracle | Seasonal |
| MySQL | Random |
| Cplus | Random |
| Python | Seasonal |
| PHP | Bi_annual |
+------------+-----------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
*/
Drop table sales;
CREATE TABLE sales(
num MEDIUMINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name CHAR(20),
winter INT,
spring INT,
summer INT,
fall INT,
category CHAR(13),
primary key(num)
)type=MyISAM;
insert into sales value(1, ‘Java‘, 1067 , 200, 150, 267,‘Holiday‘);
insert into sales value(2, ‘C‘,970,770,531,486,‘Profession‘);
insert into sales value(3, ‘JavaScript‘,53,13,21,856,‘Literary‘);
insert into sales value(4, ‘SQL‘,782,357,168,250,‘Profession‘);
insert into sales value(5, ‘Oracle‘,589,795,367,284,‘Holiday‘);
insert into sales value(6, ‘MySQL‘,953,582,336,489,‘Literary‘);
insert into sales value(7, ‘Cplus‘,752,657,259,478,‘Literary‘);
insert into sales value(8, ‘Python‘,67,23,83,543,‘Holiday‘);
insert into sales value(9, ‘PHP‘,673,48,625,52,‘Profession‘);
select * from sales;
SELECT name AS Name,
CASE category
WHEN "Holiday" THEN "Seasonal"
WHEN "Profession" THEN "Bi_annual"
WHEN "Literary" THEN "Random" END AS "Pattern"
FROM sales;
简单语句
SELECT CASE WHEN 10*2=30 THEN ‘30 correct‘
WHEN 10*2=40 THEN ‘40 correct‘
ELSE ‘Should be 10*2=20‘
END;
多重表达式
SELECT CASE 10*2
WHEN 20 THEN ‘20 correct‘
WHEN 30 THEN ‘30 correct‘
WHEN 40 THEN ‘40 correct‘
END;
在SELECT查询中使用CASE WHEN
/*
mysql> SELECT Name, RatingID AS Rating,
-> CASE RatingID
-> WHEN ‘R‘ THEN ‘Under 17 requires an adult.‘
-> WHEN ‘X‘ THEN ‘No one 17 and under.‘
-> WHEN ‘NR‘ THEN ‘Use discretion when renting.‘
-> ELSE ‘OK to rent to minors.‘
-> END AS Policy
-> FROM DVDs
-> ORDER BY Name;
+-----------+--------+------------------------------+
| Name | Rating | Policy |
+-----------+--------+------------------------------+
| Africa | PG | OK to rent to minors. |
| Amadeus | PG | OK to rent to minors. |
| Christmas | NR | Use discretion when renting. |
| Doc | G | OK to rent to minors. |
| Falcon | NR | Use discretion when renting. |
| Mash | R | Under 17 requires an adult. |
| Show | NR | Use discretion when renting. |
| View | NR | Use discretion when renting. |
+-----------+--------+------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
*/
Drop table DVDs;
CREATE TABLE DVDs (
ID SMALLINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
NumDisks TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
RatingID VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL,
StatID CHAR(3) NOT NULL
)
ENGINE=INNODB;
INSERT INTO DVDs (Name, NumDisks, RatingID, StatID)
VALUES (‘Christmas‘, 1, ‘NR‘, ‘s1‘),
(‘Doc‘, 1, ‘G‘, ‘s2‘),
(‘Africa‘, 1, ‘PG‘, ‘s1‘),
(‘Falcon‘, 1, ‘NR‘, ‘s2‘),
(‘Amadeus‘, 1, ‘PG‘, ‘s2‘),
(‘Show‘, 2, ‘NR‘, ‘s2‘),
(‘View‘, 1, ‘NR‘, ‘s1‘),
(‘Mash‘, 2, ‘R‘, ‘s2‘);
SELECT Name, RatingID AS Rating,
CASE RatingID
WHEN ‘R‘ THEN ‘Under 17 requires an adult.‘
WHEN ‘X‘ THEN ‘No one 17 and under.‘
WHEN ‘NR‘ THEN ‘Use discretion when renting.‘
ELSE ‘OK to rent to minors.‘
END AS Policy
FROM DVDs
ORDER BY Name;