Android学习系列(39)--Android主题和样式之系统篇（上）
时间：2014-05-19 19:10:19
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【基于最新的Android4.4的源码分析】
每家公司或者每个移动团队无不想开发出一套自己的UI框架，融入自己的设计和特性，这必然会去修改android的ui。
所以，学习和理解android的UI设计是最基础和非常有必要的。
android
ui设计最重要的就是主题和样式。
1、位置
在Android的frameworks/base/core/res/res/values目录下有一下几个文件：
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themes.xmlthemes_device_defaults.xmlstyles.xmlstyles_device_defaults.xml |
分别定义了各种系统Theme，Style。
2、主题Theme
主要关注themes.xml,themes_device_defaults.xml两个文件。
themes.xml定义了android低版本的theme和Holo
theme，themes_device_defaults.xml定义了DeviceDefault主题（继承自Holo主题），实际上就是在Holo主题上定制主题（For厂商）。
系统如何去选择默认的主题呢？
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/**frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/res/Resources.java*//** @hide */public static int selectDefaultTheme(int
curTheme, int
targetSdkVersion) { return
selectSystemTheme(curTheme, targetSdkVersion, com.android.internal.R.style.Theme, com.android.internal.R.style.Theme_Holo, com.android.internal.R.style.Theme_DeviceDefault);} /** @hide */public
static int selectSystemTheme(int
curTheme, int
targetSdkVersion, int
orig, int
holo, int
deviceDefault) { if
(curTheme != 0) { return
curTheme; } if
(targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) { // < 11 return
orig; } if
(targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) { // < 14 return
holo; } return
deviceDefault;} |
当<11时，使用以前低版本主题;当>=11&&<14，使用Holo主题;>14的时候，使用DeviceDefault主题。
方便理解，下面把目前所有的版本号列出来，也顺便温习一下android的历史：
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public static class VERSION_CODES { /** * Magic version number for a current development build, which has * not yet turned into an official release. */ public
static final int CUR_DEVELOPMENT = 10000; /** * October 2008: The original, first, version of Android. Yay! */ public
static final int BASE = 1; /** * February 2009: First Android update, officially called 1.1. */ public
static final int BASE_1_1 = 2; /** * May 2009: Android 1.5. */ public
static final int CUPCAKE = 3; /** * September 2009: Android 1.6. */ public
static final int DONUT = 4; /** * November 2009: Android 2.0 */ public
static final int ECLAIR = 5; /** * December 2009: Android 2.0.1 */ public
static final int ECLAIR_0_1 = 6; /** * January 2010: Android 2.1 */ public
static final int ECLAIR_MR1 = 7; /** * June 2010: Android 2.2 */ public
static final int FROYO = 8; /** * November 2010: Android 2.3 */ public
static final int GINGERBREAD = 9; /** * February 2011: Android 2.3.3. */ public
static final int GINGERBREAD_MR1 = 10; /** * February 2011: Android 3.0. */ public
static final int HONEYCOMB = 11; /** * May 2011: Android 3.1. */ public
static final int HONEYCOMB_MR1 = 12; /** * June 2011: Android 3.2. */ public
static final int HONEYCOMB_MR2 = 13; /** * October 2011: Android 4.0. */ public
static final int ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH = 14; /** * December 2011: Android 4.0.3. */ public
static final int ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH_MR1 = 15; /** * June 2012: Android 4.1. */ public
static final int JELLY_BEAN = 16; /** * Android 4.2: Moar jelly beans! */ public
static final int JELLY_BEAN_MR1 = 17; /** * Android 4.3: Jelly Bean MR2, the revenge of the beans. */ public
static final int JELLY_BEAN_MR2 = 18; /** * Android 4.4: KitKat, another tasty treat. */ public
static final int KITKAT = 19;} |
3、系统主题Theme列表
系统默认大的主题是三种：Theme,Theme.Holo,Theme.DeviceDefault,
但是实际上在此基础系统还定义了大量的派生主题，最典型的是对应的Light主题。
除此之外，还有很多，在此一一列出，打字太痛苦了，我贴出截图：
了解android系统定义的主题之后，我们就可以根据实际情况在自己的应用中使用这些主题，但是如果想修改主题的某些内容，需要进一步深入。
4、详解每个主题中定义item分类
一个完整的主题应该定义哪些内容呢，以Theme为例，如下：
1）颜色
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<item name="colorForeground">@android:color/bright_foreground_dark</item><item name="colorForegroundInverse">@android:color/bright_foreground_dark_inverse</item><item name="colorBackground">@android:color/background_dark</item><item name="colorBackgroundCacheHint">?android:attr/colorBackground</item><item name="colorPressedHighlight">@color/legacy_pressed_highlight</item><item name="colorLongPressedHighlight">@color/legacy_long_pressed_highlight</item><item name="colorFocusedHighlight">@color/legacy_selected_highlight</item><item name="colorMultiSelectHighlight">@color/legacy_selected_highlight</item><item name="colorActivatedHighlight">@color/legacy_selected_highlight</item> |
2）字体
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<!-- Text styles --><item name="textAppearance">@android:style/TextAppearance</item><item name="textAppearanceInverse">@android:style/TextAppearance.Inverse</item><item name="textColorPrimary">@android:color/primary_text_dark</item><item name="textColorSecondary">@android:color/secondary_text_dark</item><item name="textColorTertiary">@android:color/tertiary_text_dark</item><item name="textColorPrimaryInverse">@android:color/primary_text_light</item><item name="textColorSecondaryInverse">@android:color/secondary_text_light</item><item name="textColorTertiaryInverse">@android:color/tertiary_text_light</item><item name="textColorPrimaryDisableOnly">@android:color/primary_text_dark_disable_only</item><item name="textColorPrimaryInverseDisableOnly">@android:color/primary_text_light_disable_only</item><item name="textColorPrimaryNoDisable">@android:color/primary_text_dark_nodisable</item><item name="textColorSecondaryNoDisable">@android:color/secondary_text_dark_nodisable</item><item name="textColorPrimaryInverseNoDisable">@android:color/primary_text_light_nodisable</item><item name="textColorSecondaryInverseNoDisable">@android:color/secondary_text_light_nodisable</item><item name="textColorHint">@android:color/hint_foreground_dark</item><item name="textColorHintInverse">@android:color/hint_foreground_light</item><item name="textColorSearchUrl">@android:color/search_url_text</item><item name="textColorHighlight">@android:color/highlighted_text_dark</item><item name="textColorHighlightInverse">@android:color/highlighted_text_light</item><item name="textColorLink">@android:color/link_text_dark</item><item name="textColorLinkInverse">@android:color/link_text_light</item><item name="textColorAlertDialogListItem">@android:color/primary_text_light_disable_only</item><item name="textAppearanceLarge">@android:style/TextAppearance.Large</item><item name="textAppearanceMedium">@android:style/TextAppearance.Medium</item><item name="textAppearanceSmall">@android:style/TextAppearance.Small</item><item name="textAppearanceLargeInverse">@android:style/TextAppearance.Large.Inverse</item><item name="textAppearanceMediumInverse">@android:style/TextAppearance.Medium.Inverse</item><item name="textAppearanceSmallInverse">@android:style/TextAppearance.Small.Inverse</item><item name="textAppearanceSearchResultTitle">@android:style/TextAppearance.SearchResult.Title</item><item name="textAppearanceSearchResultSubtitle">@android:style/TextAppearance.SearchResult.Subtitle</item><item name="textAppearanceEasyCorrectSuggestion">@android:style/TextAppearance.EasyCorrectSuggestion</item><item name="textAppearanceMisspelledSuggestion">@android:style/TextAppearance.MisspelledSuggestion</item><item name="textAppearanceAutoCorrectionSuggestion">@android:style/TextAppearance.AutoCorrectionSuggestion</item><item name="textAppearanceButton">@android:style/TextAppearance.Widget.Button</item><item name="editTextColor">@android:color/primary_text_light</item><item name="editTextBackground">@android:drawable/edit_text</item><item name="candidatesTextStyleSpans">@android:string/candidates_style</item><item name="textCheckMark">@android:drawable/indicator_check_mark_dark</item><item name="textCheckMarkInverse">@android:drawable/indicator_check_mark_light</item><item name="textAppearanceLargePopupMenu">@android:style/TextAppearance.Widget.PopupMenu.Large</item><item name="textAppearanceSmallPopupMenu">@android:style/TextAppearance.Widget.PopupMenu.Small</item> |
3）按钮
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<!-- Button styles --><item name="buttonStyle">@android:style/Widget.Button</item><item name="buttonStyleSmall">@android:style/Widget.Button.Small</item><item name="buttonStyleInset">@android:style/Widget.Button.Inset</item><item name="buttonStyleToggle">@android:style/Widget.Button.Toggle</item><item name="selectableItemBackground">@android:drawable/item_background</item><item name="borderlessButtonStyle">?android:attr/buttonStyle</item><item name="homeAsUpIndicator">@android:drawable/ic_ab_back_holo_dark</item> |
4）List
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<!-- List attributes --><item name="listPreferredItemHeight">64dip</item><item name="listPreferredItemHeightSmall">?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight</item><item name="listPreferredItemHeightLarge">?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight</item><item name="dropdownListPreferredItemHeight">?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight</item><item name="textAppearanceListItem">?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge</item><item name="textAppearanceListItemSmall">?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge</item><item name="listPreferredItemPaddingLeft">6dip</item><item name="listPreferredItemPaddingRight">6dip</item><item name="listPreferredItemPaddingStart">6dip</item><item name="listPreferredItemPaddingEnd">6dip</item> |
5）Window
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<!-- Window attributes --><item name="windowBackground">@android:drawable/screen_background_selector_dark</item><item name="windowFrame">@null</item><item name="windowNoTitle">false</item><item name="windowFullscreen">false</item><item name="windowOverscan">false</item><item name="windowIsFloating">false</item><item name="windowContentOverlay">@null</item><item name="windowShowWallpaper">false</item><item name="windowTitleStyle">@android:style/WindowTitle</item><item name="windowTitleSize">25dip</item><item name="windowTitleBackgroundStyle">@android:style/WindowTitleBackground</item><item name="android:windowAnimationStyle">@android:style/Animation.Activity</item><item name="android:windowSoftInputMode">stateUnspecified|adjustUnspecified</item><item name="windowActionBar">false</item><item name="windowActionModeOverlay">false</item><item name="windowCloseOnTouchOutside">false</item><item name="windowTranslucentStatus">false</item><item name="windowTranslucentNavigation">false</item> |
6）Dialog
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<!-- Dialog attributes --><item name="dialogTheme">@android:style/Theme.Dialog</item><item name="dialogTitleIconsDecorLayout">@layout/dialog_title_icons</item><item name="dialogCustomTitleDecorLayout">@layout/dialog_custom_title</item><item name="dialogTitleDecorLayout">@layout/dialog_title</item> |
7）AlertDialog
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<!-- AlertDialog attributes --><item name="alertDialogTheme">@android:style/Theme.Dialog.Alert</item><item name="alertDialogStyle">@android:style/AlertDialog</item><item name="alertDialogCenterButtons">true</item><item name="alertDialogIcon">@android:drawable/ic_dialog_alert</item> |
8）Panel
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<!-- Panel attributes --><item name="panelBackground">@android:drawable/menu_background</item><item name="panelFullBackground">@android:drawable/menu_background_fill_parent_width</item><!-- These three attributes do
not seems to be used by the framework. Declared public
though --><item name="panelColorBackground">#000</item><item name="panelColorForeground">?android:attr/textColorPrimary</item><item name="panelTextAppearance">?android:attr/textAppearance</item><item name="panelMenuIsCompact">false</item><item name="panelMenuListWidth">296dip</item> |
9）滚动条（Scrollbar）
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<!-- Scrollbar attributes --><item name="scrollbarFadeDuration">250</item><item name="scrollbarDefaultDelayBeforeFade">300</item> <item name="scrollbarSize">10dip</item><item name="scrollbarThumbHorizontal">@android:drawable/scrollbar_handle_horizontal</item><item name="scrollbarThumbVertical">@android:drawable/scrollbar_handle_vertical</item><item name="scrollbarTrackHorizontal">@null</item><item name="scrollbarTrackVertical">@null</item> |
10）文字选中（Text selection）
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<!-- Text selection handle attributes --><item name="textSelectHandleLeft">@android:drawable/text_select_handle_left</item><item name="textSelectHandleRight">@android:drawable/text_select_handle_right</item><item name="textSelectHandle">@android:drawable/text_select_handle_middle</item><item name="textSelectHandleWindowStyle">@android:style/Widget.TextSelectHandle</item><item name="textEditPasteWindowLayout">@android:layout/text_edit_paste_window</item><item name="textEditNoPasteWindowLayout">@android:layout/text_edit_no_paste_window</item><item name="textEditSidePasteWindowLayout">@android:layout/text_edit_side_paste_window</item><item name="textEditSideNoPasteWindowLayout">@android:layout/text_edit_side_no_paste_window</item><item name="textSuggestionsWindowStyle">@android:style/Widget.TextSuggestionsPopupWindow</item><item name="textEditSuggestionItemLayout">@android:layout/text_edit_suggestion_item</item><item name="textCursorDrawable">@null</item> |
有点长，下篇继续列举，并深入分析具体style.
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