Spring IOC 配置文件加载--乐字节java

时间:2020-07-09 17:51:39   收藏:0   阅读:74
Spring 配置文件加载

spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userService" class="com.xxxx.service.UserService"></bean>
</beans>

根据相对路径加载资源

ApplicationContext ac  = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

根据绝对路径加载资源(了解)

ApplicationContext ac = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("C:/IdeaWorkspace/spring01/src/main/resources/spring.xml");       

Spring 多配置文件加载

? Spring 框架启动时可以加载多个配置文件到环境中。对于比较复杂的项目,可能对应的配置文件有多个,项目在启动部署时会将多个配置文件同时加载进来。

service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userService" class="com.xxxx.service.UserService"></bean>
</beans>

dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.xxxx.dao.UserDao"></bean>
</beans>

可变参数,传入多个文件名

// 同时加载多个资源文件
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml","dao.xml");

通过总的配置文件import其他配置文件

spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--导入需要包含的资源文件-->
    <import resource="service.xml"/>
    <import resource="dao.xml"/>
</beans>

加载时只需加载总的配置文件即可

// 加载总的资源文件
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

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Spring IOC 容器 Bean 对象实例化

构造器实例化

注:通过默认构造器创建 空构造方法必须存在 否则创建失败

  1. 设置配置文件 spring.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
       <bean id="userService" class="com.xxxx.service.UserService"></bean>
    
    </beans>
  2. 获取实例化对象

    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
    UserService userService = (UserService) ac.getBean("userService");  
    userService.test();

静态工厂实例化(了解)

注:

  1. 定义静态工厂类

    package com.xxxx.factory;
    
    import com.xxxx.service.UserService;
    
    /**
    * 定义静态工厂类
    */
    public class StaticFactory {
       /**
        * 定义对应的静态方法,返回实例化对象
        * @return
        */
       public static UserService createUserService() {
           return new UserService();
       }
    }
    
  2. 设置配置文件 spring.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
       <!--静态工厂-->
       <bean id="userService" class="com.xxxx.factory.StaticFactory" factory-method="createUserService"></bean>
    
    </beans>
  3. 获取实例化对象

    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
    UserService userService = (UserService) ac.getBean("userService");  
    userService.test();

    ? 当我们指定Spring使用静态工厂方法来创建Bean实例时,Spring将先解析配置文件,并根据配置文件指定的信息,通过反射调用静态工厂类的静态工厂方法,并将该静态工厂方法的返回值作为Bean实例,在这个过程中,Spring不再负责创建Bean实例,Bean实例是由用户提供的静态工厂方法提供的。

实例化工厂实例化(了解)

注:

  1. 定义工厂类

    package com.xxxx.factory;
    
    import com.xxxx.service.UserService;
    
    /**
    * 定义工厂类
    */
    public class InstanceFactory {
       /**
        * 定义方法,返回实例化对象
        * @return
        */
       public UserService createUserService() {
           return new UserService();
       }
    }
  2. 设置配置文件 spring.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
       <!--
        实例化工厂
            1.定义实例化工厂bean
            2.引用工厂bean 指定工厂创建方法(方法为非静态)
    -->
       <bean id="instanceFactory" class="com.xxxx.factory.InstanceFactory"></bean>
       <bean id="userService" factory-bean="instanceFactory" factory-method="createUserService"></bean>
    
    </beans>
  3. 获取实例化对象

    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
    UserService userService = (UserService) ac.getBean("userService");  
    userService.test();

Spring三种实例化Bean的方式比较

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