Hadoop(一)集群安装与配置

时间：2020-05-23 20:27:21 收藏：0 阅读：63

hadoop完全分布式集群有一般集群和HA高可用集群

一般集群只有一个namenode节点，当namenode节点出现故障时，整个集群将无法使用。因此，相对的出现了HA集群
HA集群具有主备切换机制，有两个namenode节点，active/standby namenode，两个节点元数据同步，

当active namenode节点出现宕机时，standby namenode节点快速拉起，切换为active namenode节点，保证集群正常运行
主备选举机制基于zookeeper

1、安装包下载

下载地址：https://hadoop.apache.org/releases.html

技术图片

2、解压

tar -zxvf hadoop-3.2.1.tar.gz -C ~/soft/app/

3、修改配置文件

3.1、配置hadoop-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/root/opt/jdk1.8.0_221
export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root
export HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root
export HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=root
export YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER=root
export YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER=root
#HA集群配置
export HDFS_ZKFC_USER=root
export HDFS_JOURNALNODE_USER=root

3.2、配置core-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://centos1:9000</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>/root/opt/hadoop/data/tmp</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

HA集群配置：

<configuration>
<!-- 指定hdfs的nameservice为ns -->
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://ns</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>/root/opt/hadoop/data/tmp</value>
    </property>
    <!--指定zookeeper地址-->
    <property>
        <name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
        <value>centos1:2181,centos2:2181,centos3:2181</value>
    </property>
    <!-- hadoop链接zookeeper的超时时长设置 -->
    <property>
        <name>ha.zookeeper.session-timeout.ms</name>
        <value>1000</value>
        <description>ms</description>
    </property>
</configuration>

3.3、配置hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>3</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
        <value>/root/opt/hadoop/data/namenode</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
        <value>/root/opt/hadoop/data/datanode</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

HA集群配置：

<configuration>  
    <property>      
       <name>dfs.replication</name>      
       <value>3</value>      
    </property>    
     <property>      
        <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>      
        <value>/root/opt/hadoop/data/namenode</value>      
    </property>      
    <property>      
        <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>      
        <value>/root/opt/hadoop/data/datanode</value>      
    </property>      
      
    <!--指定hdfs的nameservice为ns，需要和core-site.xml中的保持一致 -->      
    <property>      
        <name>dfs.nameservices</name>      
        <value>ns</value>      
    </property>    
    <!-- ns下面有两个NameNode，分别是nn1，nn2 -->  
    <property>  
       <name>dfs.ha.namenodes.ns</name>  
       <value>nn1,nn2</value>  
    </property>  
    <!-- nn1的RPC通信地址 -->  
    <property>  
       <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns.nn1</name>  
       <value>centos1:9000</value>  
    </property>  
    <!-- nn1的http通信地址 -->  
    <property>  
        <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns.nn1</name>  
        <value>centos1:50070</value>  
    </property>  
    <!-- nn2的RPC通信地址 -->  
    <property>  
        <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns.nn2</name>  
        <value>centos2:9000</value>  
    </property>  
    <!-- nn2的http通信地址 -->  
    <property>  
        <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns.nn2</name>  
        <value>centos2:50070</value>  
    </property>  
    <!-- 指定NameNode的元数据在JournalNode上的存放位置 -->  
    <property>  
         <name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>  
         <value>qjournal://centos1:8485;centos2:8485;centos3:8485/ns</value>  
    </property>  
    <!-- 指定JournalNode在本地磁盘存放数据的位置 -->  
    <property>  
          <name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>  
          <value>/root/opt/hadoop/data/journal</value>  
    </property>  
    <!-- 开启NameNode故障时自动切换 -->  
    <property>  
          <name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>  
          <value>true</value>  
    </property>  
    <!-- 配置失败自动切换实现方式 -->  
    <property>  
            <name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.ns</name>  
          <value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value> 
    </property>  
    <!-- 配置隔离机制 -->  
    <property>  
             <name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>  
             <value>sshfence</value>  
             <value>shell(true)</value>
    </property>  
    <!-- 使用隔离机制时需要ssh免登陆 -->  
    <property>  
            <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>  
            <value>/root/.ssh/id_rsa</value>  
    </property>  
    <!-- 配置sshfence隔离机制超时时间 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.connect-timeout</name>
        <value>30000</value>
    </property>
　　<property>
   　　 <name>dfs.permissions</name>
    　　<value>false</value>
　　</property>
</configuration>

3.4、配置mapred-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
        <value>yarn</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.admin.user.env</name>
        <value>HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_COMMON_HOME</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.app.mapreduce.am.env</name>
        <value>HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_COMMON_HOME</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

3.5、配置yarn-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
         <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
        <value>centos3</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-service</name>
        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
    </property>
    
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
        <value>centos1:8032</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
        <value>centos1:8030</value>
    </property>
    <property>
     <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
        <value>centos1:8031</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
        <value>centos1:8033</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
        <value>centos1:8088</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

HA集群配置：

<configuration>
<!-- 开启RM高可用 -->
<property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.enabled</name>
    <value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定RM的cluster id -->
<property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.cluster-id</name>
    <value>yrc</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定RM的名字 -->
<property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.rm-ids</name>
    <value>rm1,rm2</value>
</property>
<!-- 分别指定RM的地址 -->
<property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm1</name>
    <value>centos1</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm2</name>
    <value>centos2</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定zk集群地址 -->
<property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-address</name>
    <value>centos1:2181,centos2:2181,centos3:2181</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
    <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
</configuration>

3.6、配置workers

centos1
centos2
centos3

4、将配置好的hadoop分发到各个节点

scp -r /root/app/hadoop centos2:/root/app/
scp -r /root/app/hadoop centos3:/root/app/

5、配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile

export HADOOP_HOME=/root/soft/app/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.1
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin

source /etc/profile

6、集群初始化与启动

6.1、非HA集群：

格式化：

[root@centos1 hadoop-3.2.1]# bin/hdfs namenode -format

启动：

[root@bs1 hadoop-3.2.1]# sbin/start-dfs.sh
[root@bs1 hadoop-3.2.1]# sbin/start-yarn.sh

6.2、HA集群：

启动zookeeper(安装HA集群前确保zookeeper集群可用)
```
zkServer.sh start
```
在任意一个namenode节点上对zookeeper集群格式化　　
```
bin/hdfs zkfc -formatZK
```
启动JournalNode进程
```
sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
```
在任意一个namenode节点格式化hadoop的集群　　
```
bin/hdfs namenode -format ns1
```
启动上一步执行格式化的namenode节点　　
```
sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
```

在另一个namenode节点同步元数据并启动该节点

bin/hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby
sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

在执行格式化的namenode节点启动集群
```
sbin/start-dfs.sh
sbin/start-yarn.sh
```

查看两个namenode节点状态

bin/hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn1
standby
bin/hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn2
active9.

查看集群状态
```
bin/hdfs dfsadmin -report
```

<configuration> <property> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://ns</value> </property> <property> <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name> <value>/root/opt/hadoop/data/tmp</value> </property> <property> <name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name> <value>centos1:2181,centos2:2181,centos3:2181</value> </property>  <property> <name>ha.zookeeper.session-timeout.ms</name> <value>1000</value> <description>ms</description> </property> <property> <name>ipc.client.connect.max.retries</name> <value>30</value> </property></configuration>