SpringMVC轻松学习-其他常用(四)

时间:2014-04-29 16:41:46   收藏:0   阅读:702

Spring MVC 3.0 深入

核心原理

1.      用户发送请求给服务器。urluser.do

2.      服务器收到请求。发现DispatchServlet可以处理。于是调用DispatchServlet

3.      DispatchServlet内部,通过HandleMapping检查这个url有没有对应的Controller。如果有,则调用Controller

4.      Controller开始执行。

5.      Controller执行完毕后,如果返回字符串,则ViewResolver将字符串转化成相应的视图对象;如果返回ModelAndView对象,该对象本身就包含了视图对象信息。

6.      DispatchServlet将执视图对象中的数据,输出给服务器。

7.      服务器将数据输出给客户端。

spring3.0中相关jar包的含义

org.springframework.aop-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

springaop面向切面编程

org.springframework.asm-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

spring独立的asm字节码生成程序

org.springframework.beans-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

IOC的基础实现

org.springframework.context-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

IOC基础上的扩展服务

org.springframework.core-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

spring的核心包

org.springframework.expression-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

spring的表达式语言

org.springframework.web-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

web工具包

org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

mvc工具包

 

 

@Controller控制器定义

Struts1一样,SpringControllerSingleton的。这就意味着会被多个请求线程共享。因此,我们将控制器设计成无状态类。

 

spring 3.0中,通过@controller标注即可将class定义为一个controller类。为使spring能找到定义为controllerbean,需要在spring-context配置文件中增加如下定义:

 

<context:component-scan base-package="com.sxt.web"/>

 

         注:实际上,使用@component,也可以起到@Controller同样的作用。

 

@RequestMapping

 

    在类前面定义,则将url和类绑定。

       在方法前面定义,则将url和类的方法绑定,如下所示:

package com.sxt.web;

 

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import com.sxt.service.UserService;

 

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/user.do")

public class UserController  {

 

    @Resource

    private UserService userService;

   

    //http://localhost:8080/springmvc02/user.do?method=reg&uname=zzzz

    @RequestMapping(params="method=reg")

    public String reg(String uname) {

       System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");

       userService.add(uname);

       return "index";

    }

   

    public UserService getUserService() {

       return userService;

    }

    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {

       this.userService = userService;

    }

 

   

}

 

@RequestParam

         一般用于将指定的请求参数付给方法中形参。示例代码如下:

        

@RequestMapping(params="method=reg5")

    public String reg5(@RequestParam("name")String uname,ModelMap map) {

       System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");

       System.out.println(uname);

       return "index";

    }

        

         这样,就会将name参数的值付给uname。当然,如果请求参数名称和形参名称保持一致,则不需要这种写法。

@SessionAttributes

    ModelMap中指定的属性放到session中。示例代码如下:

   

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/user.do")

@SessionAttributes({"u","a"})   //ModelMap中属性名字为ua的再放入session中。这样,requestsession中都有了。

public class UserController  {

    @RequestMapping(params="method=reg4")

    public String reg4(ModelMap map) {         System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");

       map.addAttribute("u","uuuu");  //u放入request作用域中,这样转发页面也可以取到这个数据。

       return "index";

    }

}

  <body>

   <h1>**********${requestScope.u.uname}</h1>

   <h1>**********${sessionScope.u.uname}</h1>

  </body>

   

    注:名字为”user”的属性再结合使用注解@SessionAttributes可能会报错。

 

@ModelAttribute

      这个注解可以跟@SessionAttributes配合在一起用。可以将ModelMap中属性的值通过该注解自动赋给指定变量。

    示例代码如下:

package com.sxt.web;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/user.do")

@SessionAttributes({"u","a"}) 

public class UserController  {

   

    @RequestMapping(params="method=reg4")

    public String reg4(ModelMap map) {

       System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");

       map.addAttribute("u","尚学堂高淇");

       return "index";

    }

   

    @RequestMapping(params="method=reg5")

public String reg5(@ModelAttribute("u")String uname[微软用户1] ,ModelMap map) {

       System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");

       System.out.println(uname);

       return "index";

    }

   

}

 

先调用reg4方法,再调用reg5方法。我们发现控制台打印出来:尚学堂高淇

 

Controller类中方法参数的处理

 

Controller类中方法返回值的处理

1.      返回string(建议)

a)        根据返回值找对应的显示页面。路径规则为:prefix前缀+返回值+suffix后缀组成

b)        代码如下:

@RequestMapping(params="method=reg4")

    public String reg4(ModelMap map) {

       System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");

       return "index";

    }

前缀为:/WEB-INF/jsp/    后缀是:.jsp

在转发到:/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp

 

2.      也可以返回ModelMapModelAndViewmapListSetObject、无返回值。一般建议返回字符串!

 

 

请求转发和重定向

         代码示例:

        

package com.sxt.web;

 

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;

 

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/user.do")

public class UserController  {

   

    @RequestMapping(params="method=reg4")

    public String reg4(ModelMap map) {

       System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");

//     return "forward:index.jsp";

//     return "forward:user.do?method=reg5"; //转发

//     return "redirect:user.do?method=reg5";  //重定向

       return "redirect:http://www.baidu.com"//重定向

    }

   

    @RequestMapping(params="method=reg5")

    public String reg5(String uname,ModelMap map) {

       System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");

       System.out.println(uname);

       return "index";

    }

   

}

        

         访问reg4方法,既可以看到效果。

 

 

 

获得request对象、session对象

普通的Controller类,示例代码如下:

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/user.do")

public class UserController  {

   

    @RequestMapping(params="method=reg2")

    public String reg2(String uname,HttpServletRequest req,ModelMap map){

       req.setAttribute("a", "aa");

       req.getSession().setAttribute("b", "bb");

       return "index";

    }

}

 

 

ModelMap

         map的实现,可以在其中存放属性,作用域同request。下面这个示例,我们可以在modelMap中放入数据,然后在forward的页面上显示这些数据。通过el表达式、JSTLjava代码均可。代码如下:

        

package com.sxt.web;

 

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController;

 

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/user.do")

public class UserController extends MultiActionController  {

   

    @RequestMapping(params="method=reg")

    public String reg(String uname,ModelMap map){

       map.put("a", "aaa");

       return "index";

    }

}

<%@ page language="java"import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="c"uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>

<!DOCTYPE HTMLPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

  <head></head>

  <body>

       <h1>${requestScope.a}</h1>

       <c:out value="${requestScope.a}"></c:out>

  </body>

</html>

 

ModelAndView模型视图类

见名知意,从名字上我们可以知道ModelAndView中的Model代表模型,View代表视图。即,这个类把要显示的数据存储到了Model属性中,要跳转的视图信息存储到了view属性。我们看一下ModelAndView的部分源码,即可知其中关系:

public class ModelAndView {

 

    /** View instance or view name String */

    private Object view;

 

    /** Model Map */

    private ModelMap model;

 

    /**

     * Indicates whether or not this instance has been cleared with a call to {@link #clear()}.

     */

    private boolean cleared = false;

 

 

    /**

     * Default constructor for bean-style usage: populating bean

     * properties instead of passing in constructor arguments.

     * @see #setView(View)

     * @see #setViewName(String)

     */

    public ModelAndView() {

    }

 

    /**

     * Convenient constructor when there is no model data to expose.

     * Can also be used in conjunction with <code>addObject</code>.

     * @param viewName name of the View to render, to be resolved

     * by the DispatcherServlet‘s ViewResolver

     * @see #addObject

     */

    public ModelAndView(String viewName) {

       this.view = viewName;

    }

 

    /**

     * Convenient constructor when there is no model data to expose.

     * Can also be used in conjunction with <code>addObject</code>.

     * @param view View object to render

     * @see #addObject

     */

    public ModelAndView(View view) {

       this.view = view;

    }

 

    /**

     * Creates new ModelAndView given a view name and a model.

     * @param viewName name of the View to render, to be resolved

     * by the DispatcherServlet‘s ViewResolver

     * @param model Map of model names (Strings) to model objects

     * (Objects). Model entries may not be <code>null</code>, but the

     * model Map may be <code>null</code> if there is no model data.

     */

    public ModelAndView(String viewName, Map<String, ?> model) {

       this.view = viewName;

       if (model != null) {

           getModelMap().addAllAttributes(model);

       }

    }

 

    /**

     * Creates new ModelAndView given a View object and a model.

     * <emphasis>Note: the supplied model data is copied into the internal

     * storage of this class. You should not consider to modify the supplied

     * Map after supplying it to this class</emphasis>

     * @param view View object to render

     * @param model Map of model names (Strings) to model objects

     * (Objects). Model entries may not be <code>null</code>, but the

     * model Map may be <code>null</code> if there is no model data.

     */

    public ModelAndView(View view, Map<String, ?> model) {

       this.view = view;

       if (model != null) {

           getModelMap().addAllAttributes(model);

       }

    }

 

    /**

     * Convenient constructor to take a single model object.

     * @param viewName name of the View to render, to be resolved

     * by the DispatcherServlet‘s ViewResolver

     * @param modelName name of the single entry in the model

     * @param modelObject the single model object

     */

    public ModelAndView(String viewName, String modelName, Object modelObject) {

       this.view = viewName;

       addObject(modelName, modelObject);

    }

 

    /**

     * Convenient constructor to take a single model object.

     * @param view View object to render

     * @param modelName name of the single entry in the model

     * @param modelObject the single model object

     */

    public ModelAndView(View view, String modelName, Object modelObject) {

       this.view = view;

       addObject(modelName, modelObject);

    }

 

 

    /**

     * Set a view name for this ModelAndView, to be resolved by the

     * DispatcherServlet via a ViewResolver. Will override any

     * pre-existing view name or View.

     */

    public void setViewName(String viewName) {

       this.view = viewName;

    }

 

    /**

     * Return the view name to be resolved by the DispatcherServlet

     * via a ViewResolver, or <code>null</code> if we are using a View object.

     */

    public String getViewName() {

       return (this.view instanceof String ? (String) this.view : null);

    }

 

    /**

     * Set a View object for this ModelAndView. Will override any

     * pre-existing view name or View.

     */

    public void setView(View view) {

       this.view = view;

    }

 

    /**

     * Return the View object, or <code>null</code> if we are using a view name

     * to be resolved by the DispatcherServlet via a ViewResolver.

     */

    public View getView() {

       return (this.view instanceof View ? (View) this.view : null);

    }

 

    /**

     * Indicate whether or not this <code>ModelAndView</code> has a view, either

     * as a view name or as a direct {@link View} instance.

     */

    public boolean hasView() {

       return (this.view != null);

    }

 

    /**

     * Return whether we use a view reference, i.e. <code>true</code>

     * if the view has been specified via a name to be resolved by the

     * DispatcherServlet via a ViewResolver.

     */

    public boolean isReference() {

       return (this.view instanceof String);

    }

 

    /**

     * Return the model map. May return <code>null</code>.

     * Called by DispatcherServlet for evaluation of the model.

     */

    protected Map<String, Object> getModelInternal() {

       return this.model;

    }

 

    /**

     * Return the underlying <code>ModelMap</code> instance (never <code>null</code>).

     */

    public ModelMap getModelMap() {

       if (this.model == null) {

           this.model = new ModelMap();

       }

       return this.model;

    }

 

    /**

     * Return the model map. Never returns <code>null</code>.

     * To be called by application code for modifying the model.

     */

    public Map<String, Object> getModel() {

       return getModelMap();

    }

 

 

    /**

     * Add an attribute to the model.

     * @param attributeName name of the object to add to the model

     * @param attributeValue object to add to the model (never <code>null</code>)

     * @see ModelMap#addAttribute(String, Object)

     * @see #getModelMap()

     */

    public ModelAndView addObject(String attributeName, Object attributeValue) {

       getModelMap().addAttribute(attributeName, attributeValue);

       return this;

    }

 

    /**

     * Add an attribute to the model using parameter name generation.

     * @param attributeValue the object to add to the model (never <code>null</code>)

     * @see ModelMap#addAttribute(Object)

     * @see #getModelMap()

     */

    public ModelAndView addObject(Object attributeValue) {

       getModelMap().addAttribute(attributeValue);

       return this;

    }

 

    /**

     * Add all attributes contained in the provided Map to the model.

     * @param modelMap a Map of attributeName -> attributeValue pairs

     * @see ModelMap#addAllAttributes(Map)

     * @see #getModelMap()

     */

    public ModelAndView addAllObjects(Map<String, ?> modelMap) {

       getModelMap().addAllAttributes(modelMap);

       return this;

    }

 

 

    /**

     * Clear the state of this ModelAndView object.

     * The object will be empty afterwards.

     * <p>Can be used to suppress rendering of a given ModelAndView object

     * in the <code>postHandle</code> method of a HandlerInterceptor.

     * @see #isEmpty()

     * @see HandlerInterceptor#postHandle

     */

    public void clear() {

       this.view = null;

       this.model = null;

       this.cleared = true;

    }

 

    /**

     * Return whether this ModelAndView object is empty,

     * i.e. whether it does not hold any view and does not contain a model.

     */

    public boolean isEmpty() {

       return (this.view == null && CollectionUtils.isEmpty(this.model));

    }

 

    /**

     * Return whether this ModelAndView object is empty as a result of a call to {@link #clear}

     * i.e. whether it does not hold any view and does not contain a model.

     * <p>Returns <code>false</code> if any additional state was added to the instance

     * <strong>after</strong> the call to {@link #clear}.

     * @see #clear()

     */

    public boolean wasCleared() {

       return (this.cleared && isEmpty());

    }

 

 

    /**

     * Return diagnostic information about this model and view.

     */

    @Override

    public String toString() {

       StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("ModelAndView: ");

       if (isReference()) {

           sb.append("reference to view with name ‘").append(this.view).append("‘");

       }

       else {

           sb.append("materialized View is [").append(this.view).append(‘]‘);

       }

       sb.append("; model is ").append(this.model);

       return sb.toString();

    }

}

 

测试代码如下:

package com.sxt.web;

 

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController;

 

import com.sxt.po.User;

 

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/user.do")

public class UserController extends MultiActionController  {

   

    @RequestMapping(params="method=reg")

    public ModelAndView reg(String uname){

       ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();

       mv.setViewName("index");

//     mv.setView(new RedirectView("index"));

      

       User u = new User();

       u.setUname("高淇");

       mv.addObject(u);   //查看源代码,得知,直接放入对象。属性名为首字母小写的类名 一般建议手动增加属性名称。

       mv.addObject("a", "aaaa");

       return mv;

    }

 

}

<%@ page language="java"import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="c"uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>

<!DOCTYPE HTMLPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

  <head>

  </head>

  <body>

       <h1>${requestScope.a}</h1>

       <h1>${requestScope.user.uname}</h1>

  </body>

</html>

地址栏输入:http://localhost:8080/springmvc03/user.do?method=reg

结果为:

mamicode.com,码迷

 

 

基于spring 3.0mvc 框架的文件上传实现

1. spring使用了apache-commons下得上传组件,因此,我们需要引入两个jar包:

1.      apache-commons-fileupload.jar

2.      apache-commons-io.jar

 

2.  springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件中,增加CommonsMultipartResoler配置:

<!-- 处理文件上传 -->

<bean id="multipartResolver" 

    class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> 

    <property name="defaultEncoding"value="gbk"/> <!-- 默认编码 (ISO-8859-1) --> 

    <property name="maxInMemorySize"value="10240"/> <!-- 最大内存大小 (10240)--> 

    <property name="uploadTempDir"value="/upload/"/> <!-- 上传后的目录名(WebUtils#TEMP_DIR_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) --> 

    <property name="maxUploadSize"value="-1"/> <!-- 最大文件大小,-1为无限止(-1) --> 

</bean>

 

3.  建立upload.jsp页面,内容如下:

        

<%@ page language="java"import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%>

<!DOCTYPE HTMLPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

    <head>

       <title>测试springmvc中上传的实现</title>

    </head>

    <body>

<form action="upload.do"  method="post"enctype="multipart/form-data">

           <input type="text" name="name"/>

           <input type="file" name="file"/>

           <input type="submit" />

       </form>

    </body>

</html>

 

4. 建立控制器,代码如下:

        

package com.sxt.web;

 

import java.io.File;

import java.util.Date;

 

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;

 

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import org.springframework.web.context.ServletContextAware;

import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;

 

@Controller

public class FileUploadController implements ServletContextAware {

 

         private ServletContext servletContext;

        

         @Override

         public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {

                   this.servletContext  = context;

         }

        

         @RequestMapping(value="/upload.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)

         public String handleUploadData(String name,@RequestParam("file")[微软用户2] CommonsMultipartFile file){

                   if (!file.isEmpty()) {

                               String path = this.servletContext.getRealPath("/tmp/");  //获取本地存储路径

                               System.out.println(path);

                               String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();

                               String fileType = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));

                               System.out.println(fileType);

                               File file2 = new File(path,new Date().getTime() + fileType); //新建一个文件

                               try {

                                         file.getFileItem().write(file2); //将上传的文件写入新建的文件中

                               } catch (Exception e) {

                                         e.printStackTrace();

                               }

                               return "redirect:upload_ok.jsp";

                            }else{

                                     return "redirect:upload_error.jsp";

                            }

         }

}

 

5. 建立upload_ok.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java"import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%>

<!DOCTYPE HTMLPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

  <head>

  </head>

  <body>

       <h1>上传成功!</h1>

  </body>

</html>

 

6. 建立upload_error.jsp页面

  <%@ page language="java"import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%>

<!DOCTYPE HTMLPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

  <head>

  </head>

  <body>

       <h1>上传失败!</h1>

  </body>

</html>

 

1.      发布项目,运行测试:http://localhost:8080/springmvc03/upload.jsp

mamicode.com,码迷

   进入项目发布后的目录,发现文件上传成功:

mamicode.com,码迷

 

处理ajax请求

spring使用了jackson类库,帮助我们在java对象和jsonxml数据之间的互相转换。他可以将控制器返回的对象直接转换成json数据,供客户端使用。客户端也可以传送json数据到服务器进行直接转换。使用步骤如下:

 

1.  项目中需要引入如下两个jar包:

                  jackson-core-asl-1.7.2jar

                   jackson-mapper-asl-1.7.2jar

2.  spring配置文件中修改:

             <mvc:annotation-driven />  <!-- 支持spring3.0新的mvc注解 -->

    <!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能,完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->

      <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"> 

        <property name="cacheSeconds"value="0" /> 

        <property name="messageConverters"> 

            <list> 

                <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"></bean> 

            </list> 

        </property>

    </bean>  

 

3.      客户端代码a.jsp如下:

<%@ page language="java"import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%>

<%

String path = request.getContextPath();

String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";

%>

 

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

  <head>

    <base href="<%=basePath%>">

   

    <title>My JSP ‘index.jsp‘ starting page</title>

    <meta http-equiv="pragma"content="no-cache">

    <meta http-equiv="cache-control"content="no-cache">

    <meta http-equiv="expires"content="0">   

    <meta http-equiv="keywords"content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">

    <meta http-equiv="description"content="This is my page">

    <script>

       function createAjaxObj(){

           var req;

           if(window.XMLHttpRequest){

              req = new XMLHttpRequest();

           }else{

              req = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");  //ie

           }

           return req;

       }

      

       function sendAjaxReq(){

           var req = createAjaxObj();

           req.open("get","myajax.do?method=test2&uname=张三");

           req.setRequestHeader("accept","application/json");

           req.onreadystatechange  = function(){

              eval("var result="+req.responseText);

              document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML=result[0].uname;

           }

           req.send(null);

       }

    </script>

  </head>

 

  <body>

    <a href="javascript:void(0);"onclick="sendAjaxReq();">测试</a>

    <div id="div1"></div>

  </body>

</html>

 

 

4.      服务器端代码如下:

        

package com.sxt.web;

 

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

 

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

 

import com.sxt.po.User;

 

@Controller

@RequestMapping("myajax.do")

public class MyAjaxController {

        

         @RequestMapping(params="method=test1",method=RequestMethod.GET)

         public @ResponseBody List<User> test1(String uname) throws Exception{

                   String uname2 = new String(uname.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"gbk");

                   System.out.println(uname2);

                   System.out.println("MyAjaxController.test1()");

                   List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();

                   list.add(new User("高淇","123"));

                   list.add(new User("马士兵","456"));

                  

                   return list;

         }

        

}

 

 

5.      测试。

a)        启动服务器。输入:http://localhost:8080/springmvc03/a.jsp

mamicode.com,码迷

 

 

 

 

 

 

Spring中的拦截器

定义spring拦截器两种基本方式

1.      实现接口:org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor

接口中有如下方法需要重写:

注意:参数中的Object handler是下一个拦截器。

a)        public boolean preHandle
(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler)
throws Exception

该方法在action执行前执行,可以实现对数据的预处理,比如:编码、安全控制等。

如果方法返回true,则继续执行action

b)        public void postHandle
(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler,   ModelAndViewmodelAndView)
throws Exception

该方法在action执行后,生成视图前执行。在这里,我们有机会修改视图层数据。

c)        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,Exception ex)   throws Exception

最后执行,通常用于释放资源,处理异常。我们可以根据ex是否为空,来进行相关的异常处理。因为我们在平时处理异常时,都是从底层向上抛出异常,最后到了spring框架从而到了这个方法中。

2.      继承适配器:
org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter

这个适配器实现了HandlerInterceptor接口。提供了这个接口中所有方法的空实现。

 

如下我们写出两个拦截器的示例代码,仅供大家参考:

package com.sxt.interceptor;

 

import javax.interceptor.Interceptors;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

 

 

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

 

    @Override

    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,    HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)    throws Exception {

       System.out.println("最后执行!!!一般用于释放资源!!");

      

    }

 

    @Override

    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,    ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

       System.out.println("Action执行之后,生成视图之前执行!!");

    }

 

    @Override

    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

       System.out.println("action之前执行!!!");

       return true//继续执行action

    }

 

}

 

package com.sxt.interceptor;

 

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 

import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter;

 

 

public class MyInterceptor2 extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {

 

    @Override

    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

       System.out.println("MyInterceptor2.preHandle()");

       return true//继续执行action

    }

 

}

 

 

 

3.      XML中如何配置。如下为示例代码:

    <mvc:interceptors>

       <bean class="com.sxt.interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean> <!-- 拦截所有springmvcurl -->

       <mvc:interceptor>

           <mvc:mapping path="/user.do"/>

           <!--<mvc:mapping path="/test/*" />-->

           <bean class="com.sxt.interceptor.MyInterceptor2"></bean>

       </mvc:interceptor>

    </mvc:interceptors>

 




来自为知笔记(Wiz)


SpringMVC轻松学习-其他常用(四),码迷,mamicode.com

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