Linux 查看系统硬件信息(实例详解)
cpu
lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的统计信息.
blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu Architecture: i686 #cpu架构 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian #小尾序 CPU(s): 4 #总共有4核 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 1 #每个cpu核，只能支持一个线程，即不支持超线程 Core(s) per socket: 4 #每个cpu，有4个核 Socket(s): 1 #总共有1一个cpu Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu产商 intel CPU family: 6 Model: 42 Stepping: 7 CPU MHz: 1600.000 BogoMIPS: 5986.12 Virtualization: VT-x #支持cpu虚拟化技术 L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 6144K
查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个CPU的型号，主频等。
#cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 42 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz .....
上面输出的是第一个cpu部分信息，还有3个cpu信息省略了。
内存
free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404
-/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691
Swap: 9536 31 9505这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是3926MB。
查看内存详细使用
# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 4020868 kB MemFree: 230884 kB Buffers: 7600 kB Cached: 454772 kB SwapCached: 836 kB .....
查看内存硬件信息
yum -y install dmidecode
dmidecode -t 查看相关参数， 以下为带上相关参数来检测相关信息。
bios
system
baseboard 主板信息
chassis
processor CPU
memory 内存
cache
connector
slot
注：如果不带以上参数，就会把所有信息显示出来，不好查看。
1、 dmidecode -t processor
查看CPU信息，就可以看到你的CPU是什么型号，多少核，频率、缓存等信息
cat /proc/cpuinfo 也一样可查CPU信息。
2、 dmidecode -t baseboard
查看主板信息，会显示具体的主板英文型号， 国外免费空间
再到网上搜索一下主板的英文型号信息就知道了他属什么主板，用的什么芯片组。
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.
Product Name: G31M-ES2L
Version:
Serial Number:
UUID: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-00241DCA48F8
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number:
Family:
这是技嘉主板，G31M 的
3、 dmidecode -t 17
能显示 插入的内存条的详细信息，如芯片，频率等等,如：
Handle 0x0034, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0031
Error Information Handle: 0x0035
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 2048 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM0
Bank Locator: BANK0
Type: DDR2
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 800 MHz
Manufacturer: Manufacturer00
Serial Number: SerNum00
Asset Tag: AssetTagNum0
Part Number: ModulePartNumber00
以上信息显示，内存为2G DDR2 800的。
或 dmidecode -t memory
能显示主板支持最大多少的内存，最多支持多少， 内存是否双通道等、如：
（有些系统，或主板不能显示这些信息）
Handle 0x0008, DMI type 5, 24 bytes
Memory Controller Information
Error Detecting Method: None
Error Correcting Capabilities:
None
Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave
Current Interleave: One-way Interleave
Maximum Memory Module Size: 16384 MB 单条支持16G
Maximum Total Memory Size: 65536 MB 最大支持64G
Supported Speeds:
Other
Supported Memory Types:
DIMM
Memory Module Voltage: 3.3 V
Associated Memory Slots: 4
0x0009
0x000A
0x000B
0x000C
Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities:
None
Handle 0x0009, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: DIMM0
Bank Connections: 0 1
Current Speed: 25 ns
Type: DIMM
Installed Size: 2048 MB (Double-bank Connection) 双通道
Enabled Size: 2048 MB (Double-bank Connection)
Error Status: OK
查看bios信息
# dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
Version: 6.00
Release Date: 07/02/2012
Address: 0xEA0C0
Runtime Size: 89920 bytes
ROM Size: 64 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
PNP is supported
APM is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
EDD is supported
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
ACPI is supported
Smart battery is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Function key-initiated network boot is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
BIOS Revision: 4.6
Firmware Revision: 0.0如果要查看所有有用信息
dmidecode -q
里面包含了很多硬件信息
磁盘
查看硬盘和分区分布
# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 9.3G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda3 8:3 0 74.5G 0 part / ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 111.8G 0 part /home └─sda6 8:6 0 269.2G 0 part
如果要看硬盘和分区的详细信息
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00023728 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2148351 1073152 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2148352 21680127 9765888 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 21680128 177930239 78125056 83 Linux /dev/sda4 177932286 976771071 399419393 5 Extended/dev/sda5 177932288 412305407 117186560 83 Linux /dev/sda6 412307456 976771071 282231808 83 Linux
网卡
查看网卡硬件信息
# lspci | grep -i ‘eth‘ 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01) 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)
查看系统的所有网络接口
# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:以太网 硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f
.....
lo Link encap:本地环回或者：
# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:65:fa:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:65:fa:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标
# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自适应模式，一般都支持
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式
Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
.....
Speed: 100Mb/s #现在网卡的速度是100Mb,网卡使用自适应模式，所以推测路由是100Mb，导致网卡从支持千兆，变成要支持百兆
Duplex: Full #全双工
.....
Link detected: yes #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的其他
查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。
lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #显卡 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #声卡 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡 03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)
如果要更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv
如果要看设备树:lscpi -t
参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2012/11/01/2750179.html
本文出自 “从心开始” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://fuquanjun.blog.51cto.com/5820068/1408909