MySQL 安装与使用
时间：2014-05-08 09:42:38
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操作系统：CentOS release 5.10 （Final）
文件准备：
MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.i386.rpm
MySQL-client-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.i386.rpm
一、安装MySQL
rpm包安装：
切换到包所在目录，执行：
rpm -i MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.i386.rpm
rpm -i MySQL-client-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.i386.rpm
完成后MySQL的顶级安装目录为/usr。注意，如果只是安装了MySQL-server的话，在这些路径中像mysql、mysqladmin等是没有的，也是无法使用的。
/etc/init.d/mysql /etc/logrotate.d/mysql /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd /usr/bin/innochecksum /usr/bin/my_print_defaults /usr/bin/myisam_ftdump /usr/bin/myisamchk /usr/bin/myisamlog /usr/bin/myisampack /usr/bin/mysql_convert_table_format /usr/bin/mysql_fix_extensions /usr/bin/mysql_fix_privilege_tables /usr/bin/mysql_install_db /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation /usr/bin/mysql_setpermission /usr/bin/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/bin/mysql_upgrade /usr/bin/mysql_zap /usr/bin/mysqlbug /usr/bin/mysqld_multi /usr/bin/mysqld_safe /usr/bin/mysqldumpslow /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy /usr/bin/mysqltest /usr/bin/perror /usr/bin/replace /usr/bin/resolve_stack_dump /usr/bin/resolveip /usr/lib/mysql/mysqld-debug.sym /usr/lib/mysql/mysqld.sym /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/ha_innodb_plugin.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/ha_innodb_plugin.so.0 /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/ha_innodb_plugin.so.0.0.0 /usr/sbin/mysqld /usr/sbin/mysqld-debug /usr/sbin/mysqlmanager /usr/sbin/rcmysql /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.73 /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.73/COPYING /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.73/README /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.73/my-huge.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.73/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.73/my-large.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.73/my-medium.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.73/my-small.cnf /usr/share/info/mysql.info.gz /usr/share/man/man1/innochecksum.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/my_print_defaults.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/myisam_ftdump.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/myisamchk.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/myisamlog.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/myisampack.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.server.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_convert_table_format.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_fix_extensions.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_fix_privilege_tables.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_install_db.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_secure_installation.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_setpermission.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_upgrade.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_zap.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbug.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqld_multi.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqld_safe.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqldumpslow.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlhotcopy.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlman.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqltest.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/perror.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/replace.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/resolve_stack_dump.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/resolveip.1.gz /usr/share/man/man8/mysqld.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/mysqlmanager.8.gz /usr/share/mysql /usr/share/mysql/ChangeLog /usr/share/mysql/SELinux /usr/share/mysql/SELinux/RHEL4 /usr/share/mysql/SELinux/RHEL4/mysql.fc /usr/share/mysql/SELinux/RHEL4/mysql.te /usr/share/mysql/binary-configure /usr/share/mysql/charsets /usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/README /usr/share/mysql/charsets/armscii8.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ascii.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1250.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1251.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1256.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1257.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp850.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp852.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp866.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/dec8.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/geostd8.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/greek.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hebrew.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hp8.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/keybcs2.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8r.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8u.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin1.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin2.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin5.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin7.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macce.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macroman.xml /usr/share/mysql/charsets/swe7.xml /usr/share/mysql/config.huge.ini /usr/share/mysql/config.medium.ini /usr/share/mysql/config.small.ini /usr/share/mysql/czech /usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/danish /usr/share/mysql/danish/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/dutch /usr/share/mysql/dutch/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/english /usr/share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/errmsg.txt /usr/share/mysql/estonian /usr/share/mysql/estonian/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/fill_help_tables.sql /usr/share/mysql/french /usr/share/mysql/french/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/german /usr/share/mysql/german/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/greek /usr/share/mysql/greek/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/hungarian /usr/share/mysql/hungarian/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/italian /usr/share/mysql/italian/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/japanese /usr/share/mysql/japanese/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/korean /usr/share/mysql/korean/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/mi_test_all /usr/share/mysql/mi_test_all.res /usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf /usr/share/mysql/mysql-log-rotate /usr/share/mysql/mysql.server /usr/share/mysql/mysql_fix_privilege_tables.sql /usr/share/mysql/mysql_system_tables.sql /usr/share/mysql/mysql_system_tables_data.sql /usr/share/mysql/mysql_test_data_timezone.sql /usr/share/mysql/mysqld_multi.server /usr/share/mysql/ndb-config-2-node.ini /usr/share/mysql/norwegian /usr/share/mysql/norwegian-ny /usr/share/mysql/norwegian-ny/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/norwegian/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/polish /usr/share/mysql/polish/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/portuguese /usr/share/mysql/portuguese/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/romanian /usr/share/mysql/romanian/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/russian /usr/share/mysql/russian/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/serbian /usr/share/mysql/serbian/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/slovak /usr/share/mysql/slovak/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/spanish /usr/share/mysql/spanish/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/swedish /usr/share/mysql/swedish/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/ukrainian /usr/share/mysql/ukrainian/errmsg.sys /usr/bin/msql2mysql /usr/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql_find_rows /usr/bin/mysql_waitpid /usr/bin/mysqlaccess /usr/bin/mysqladmin /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/mysqlcheck /usr/bin/mysqldump /usr/bin/mysqlimport /usr/bin/mysqlshow /usr/bin/mysqlslap /usr/share/man/man1/msql2mysql.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_find_rows.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_waitpid.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlaccess.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqladmin.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbinlog.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlcheck.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqldump.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlimport.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlshow.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlslap.1.gz
二、安装完成后的相关配置
①运行mysql_install_db 程序设置含有确定如何让用户连接服务器的权限的初始MySQL授权表。
/usr/bin/mysql_install_db --user=root
mysql_install_db脚本创建数据目录、拥有所有数据库权限的mysql数据库和可以用来测试MySQL的test数据库。脚本为root账户和匿名用户账户创建 授权表条目。
②启动数据库。
/usr/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
③配置数据库
为数据库设定一个密码(初始为空)：
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘new-password‘
卸掉test数据库：
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root drop test
以上两个操作可以由mysql_secure_installation脚本代替：
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
其功能包括：
Change the root password?
Remove anonymous users?
Disallow root login remotely?
Remove test database and access to it?
Reload privilege tables now?
④关闭数据库
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
或
mysqadmin shutdown -uroot -p
⑤自动启动数据库
如果④中/etc/init.d/mysql存在或有效，则数据库很可能是已经自动启动的，用以下方法确认：
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
如果能够列出mysql的启动状态，而且至少3和4为on，则说明mysql能够自动启动。如不能，接着配置：
cd /usr/share/mysql/ cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --addMySQL
chkconfig --level 345MySQL on
在配置自动启动数据库可能会遇到的问题：
当执行
/etc/init.d/mysql
时出现
Starting MySQL.Manager of pid-file quit without updating file [Failed]
查询日志：
cat /var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err
有错误
/usr/sbin/mysqld: File ‘./mysql-bin.index‘
not found (Errcode: 13)
140507 21:38:01 [ERROR] Aborting
而这时，执行
/etc/init.d/mysql --user=root
带上参数user是没问题的（--user=root或--user=mysql）
解决办法：
chgrp -R mysql /var/lib/mysql/
chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql/
/var/lib/mysql/ 是mysql-bin.index所在的文件夹。
参考与链接：
MySQL5.1参考手册：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/zh/index.html
MySQL5.1下载地址：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.1.html#downloads
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