图形学_圆的扫描转换
1.中点画圆算法
(1)P为当前点亮象素,那么,下一个点亮的象素可能是P1(Xp+1,Yp)
或P2(Xp +1,Yp +1)。
(2)构造函数:F(X,Y)=X2 + Y2 - R2 ;则
F(X,Y)= 0 (X,Y)在圆上;
F(X,Y)< 0 (X,Y)在圆内;
F(X,Y)> 0 (X,Y)在圆外。
设M为P1、P2间的中点,M=(Xp+1,Yp-0.5)
有如下结论:
F(M)< 0 ->M在圆内-> 取P1
F(M)>= 0 ->M在圆外-> 取P2
(3)构造判别式
d = F(M) = F(xp + 1, yp - 0.5)
= (xp + 1)2 + (yp - 0.5) 2 - R2
若d<0, 则P1 为下一个象素,那么再下一个象素的判别式为:
d1 = F(xp + 2, yp - 0.5) = (xp + 2)2 + (yp - 0.5) 2 - R2
= d + 2xp +3
即d 的增量为 2xp +3.
若d>=0, 则P2 为下一个象素,那么再下一个象素的判别式为:
d1 = F(xp + 2, yp - 1.5)= (xp + 2)2 + (yp - 1.5) 2 - R2
= d + (2xp + 3)+(-2 yp + 2)
即d 的增量为 2 (xp - yp) +5.
d的初值:d0 = F(1, R-0.5)= 1 + (R-0.5)2 - R2= 1.25 - R
#include "easyx.h" #include "math.h" #include "windows.h" #include "stdio.h" #include "stdlib.h" #include "conio.h" #include "graphics.h" int Draw_yuan(int r,int p1,int p2,int color) { int x,y; double d; x = p1; y = p2 + r; d = 1.25 -r; putpixel(x,y,color); while(x <= y) { if(d < 0) { x = x + 1; d = (x-p1+1)*(x-p1+1) + (y-p2-0.5)*(y-p2-0.5) - r * r; } else { x = x + 1; y = y - 1; d = (x-p1+1)*(x-p1+1) + (y-p2-0.5)*(y-p2-0.5) - r * r; } putpixel(x,y,color); putpixel(y,x,color); putpixel(x,2*p2-y,color); putpixel(y,2*p2-x,color); putpixel(2*p1-x,y,color); putpixel(2*p1-y,x,color); putpixel(2*p1-x,2*p2-y,color); putpixel(2*p1-y,2*p2-x,color); } return 0; } int main() { //硬件测试,将gd装入图形驱动器,gm置入最大图形模式。 int gd=DETECT,gm,p1,p2,r,color; printf("绘制圆的中点画圆算法\n"); printf("请输入半径:"); scanf("%d",&r); printf("请输入圆心坐标:"); scanf("%d%d",&p1,&p2); printf("请输入颜色:"); scanf("%d",&color); //图形初始化 initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc"); //设置兰背景。 setbkcolor(BLUE); cleardevice(); Draw_yuan(r,p1,p2,color); getch(); closegraph(); return 0; }
2.正负画圆算法
(1)设圆的方程为F(x,y)=X2 + Y2 - R2=0;
假设求得Pi的坐标为(xi,yi);
则当Pi在圆内时-> F(xi,yi)<0 -> 向右-> 向圆外
Pi在圆外时-> F(xi,yi)>0 -> 向下-> 向圆内
(2)即求得Pi点后选择下一个象素点Pi+1的规则为:
(3)若F(xi,yi) 已知,计算F(xi+1,yi+1) 可分两种情况
1. F(xi,yi)≤0-> xi+1 = xi+1,yi+1 = yi;
F(xi+1,yi+1)= (xi+1 )2 +(yi+1 )2 -R2
= (xi+1)2+ yi2 -R2 = F(xi,yi) +2xi +1
2. F(xi,yi)>0-> xi+1 = xi,yi+1 = yi -1;
F(xi+1,yi+1)= (xi+1 )2 +(yi+1 )2 -R2
= xi2+(yi –1)2-R2 = F(xi,yi) - 2yi +1
//正负画圆算法 #include "easyx.h" #include "math.h" #include "windows.h" #include "stdio.h" #include "stdlib.h" #include "conio.h" #include "graphics.h" int Draw_yuan(int r,int p1,int p2,int color) { int x0,y0,x,y; //画圆的起始点 x0 = p1; y0 = p2 + r; //起始点坐标 x = x0; y = y0; int F0 = (x0-p1)*(x0-p1) + (y0-p2)*(y0-p2) - r * r; int F1 = F0; int F2; while(x <= y) { if(F1 <= 0) { x = x + 1; F2 = (x-p1)*(x-p1) + (y-p2)*(y-p2) - r * r; } else { y = y - 1; F2 = (x-p1)*(x-p1) + (y-p2)*(y-p2) - r * r; } putpixel(x,y,color); putpixel(y,x,color); putpixel(x,2*p2-y,color); putpixel(y,2*p2-x,color); putpixel(2*p1-x,y,color); putpixel(2*p1-y,x,color); putpixel(2*p1-x,2*p2-y,color); putpixel(2*p1-y,2*p2-x,color); F1 = F2; } return 0; } int main() { //硬件测试,将gd装入图形驱动器,gm置入最大图形模式。 int gd=DETECT,gm,p1,p2,r,color; printf("绘制圆的正负画圆算法\n"); printf("请输入半径:"); scanf("%d",&r); printf("请输入圆心坐标:"); scanf("%d%d",&p1,&p2); printf("请输入颜色:"); scanf("%d",&color); //图形初始化 initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc"); //设置兰背景。 setbkcolor(BLUE); cleardevice(); Draw_yuan(r,p1,p2,color); getch(); closegraph(); return 0; }